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White sponge nevus, also known as white sponge nevus of Cannon, is a rare genetic disorder that affects the mucous membranes in the mouth and throat. This condition is characterized by thick, white, velvety patches that appear on the inside of the cheeks, lips, tongue, and other areas of the oral cavity. While this condition is usually benign and does not cause any serious health problems, it can be unsightly and cause discomfort for those affected.

White sponge nevus is a hereditary condition, meaning it is passed down from parents to their children. It is caused by a mutation in the genes that control the production of a protein called keratin, which is a key component of the skin and mucous membranes. This mutation leads to an overproduction of keratin in the affected areas, resulting in the thick, white patches characteristic of the condition.

The symptoms of white sponge nevus typically appear in childhood or adolescence, although they can sometimes develop later in life. The patches may be present at birth or develop over time, and they can vary in size and shape. In addition to the white patches, some individuals may also experience irritation, sensitivity, or a burning sensation in the affected areas.

Diagnosing white sponge nevus is usually straightforward, as the appearance of the patches is quite distinctive. A dentist or oral surgeon can typically make a diagnosis based on a visual examination of the affected areas. In some cases, a biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions that may have similar symptoms.

While white sponge nevus is generally harmless and does not require treatment, some individuals may choose to seek treatment for cosmetic reasons or to alleviate discomfort. Treatment options may include topical medications to help reduce inflammation and irritation, as well as oral hygiene measures to help keep the affected areas clean and healthy.

In some cases, surgical removal of the affected tissue may be recommended. However, this is typically only done in severe cases where the patches are causing significant discomfort or interfering with normal oral function. It is important to note that surgical removal is not a cure for white sponge nevus, as the condition can recur in the same or other areas of the mouth.

Overall, white sponge nevus is a relatively rare and benign condition that does not typically cause serious health problems. However, it can be a source of embarrassment or discomfort for those affected. If you or your child is experiencing symptoms of white sponge nevus, it is important to consult with a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate management.